Table 4. Summary and a simple average and SD of the observations of the fatty acids expressed as mg/100 g of meat found in grass-fed and grain-fed beef regardless of the muscle location and cattle breed
Fatty Acids | Grass-fed beef | Grain-fed beef |
Observations | Average | SD | Observations | Average | SD |
C12:0 | 3 | 6.20 | 4.60 | 3 | 11.67 | 6.14 |
C14:0 | 8 | 139.04 | 149.38 | 8 | 333.03 | 264.66 |
C16:0 | 8 | 1,275.36 | 1,211.35 | 8 | 2,976.21 | 2,187.36 |
C18:0 | 8 | 745.06 | 709.25 | 8 | 1,499.99 | 1,069.67 |
C20:0 | 4 | 97.58 | 183.30 | 4 | 147.63 | 269.35 |
Total SFA | 8 | 2,259.44 | 2,141.55 | 8 | 5,032.61 | 3,655.39 |
C14:1 | 7 | 40.41 | 56.78 | 7 | 91.19 | 75.46 |
C16:1 | 7 | 205.94 | 220.31 | 7 | 501.50 | 375.01 |
C18:1 t11 | 4 | 85.90 | 74.96 | 4 | 72.07 | 107.25 |
C18:1 n-9 | 7 | 2,310.57 | 1,941.40 | 7 | 5,481.93 | 4,115.59 |
Total MUFA | 7 | 2,714.36 | 2,406.98 | 7 | 6,286.17 | 4,605.15 |
C18:2 n-6 | 8 | 142.33 | 99.69 | 8 | 285.60 | 166.14 |
C18:3 n-3 | 8 | 43.54 | 11.87 | 8 | 27.13 | 14.90 |
C20:4 n-6 | 7 | 24.66 | 16.71 | 7 | 37.79 | 11.77 |
C20:5 n-3 | 7 | 11.94 | 7.64 | 7 | 6.33 | 4.42 |
C22:5 n-3 | 7 | 24.10 | 7.39 | 7 | 16.78 | 8.45 |
C22:6 n-3 | 7 | 5.53 | 6.79 | 7 | 4.19 | 2.97 |
Total PUFA | 6 | 252.86 | 169.35 | 6 | 403.74 | 264.87 |
Total n-6 | 8 | 175.28 | 117.60 | 8 | 330.44 | 206.54 |
Total n-3 | 8 | 68.16 | 21.34 | 8 | 45.45 | 15.85 |
n-6/n-3 ratio | 8 | 184.84 | 383.46 | 8 | 772.01 | 960.62 |
C12:0, lauric acid; C14:0, myristic acid; C16:0, palmitic acid; C18:0, stearic acid; C20:0, arachidic acid; SFA, saturated fatty acid; C14:1, myristoleic acid; C16:1, palmitoleic acid; C18:1 t11, trans vaccenic acid; C18:1 n-9, oleic acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; C18:2n-6, linoleic acid; C18:3n-3, linolenic acid; C20:4n-6, arachidonic acid; C20:5n-3, eicosapentanoic acid; C22:5n-3, docosapentanoic acid; C22:6n-3, docosahexanoic acid; n-6, omega-6 fatty acids; n-3, omega-3 fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids.