| Meat | | | |
| Pork (Luchuan and Duroc pigs) | UPLC-ESI-MS/MS | 605 lipids, 23 categories, 211 TG, 95 PC, 66 PE, 46 DG, and 37 Car, Luchuan pigs have higher IMF, including more TG and DG | (Zhang et al., 2021b) |
| Pork (Tibetan, Jilin and Sanmenxia black pigs) | UPLC-ESI-MS/MS | 1,180 lipid species, Tibetan pork showed higher 14 GL, 8 GP, 2 SL, 2 FA, and 2 PR, Jilin pork showed higher 4 GL, 4 GP, 3 ST, 3 PK, 2 FA, and 2 PR | (Mi et al., 2019a) |
| Pork (Beijing Heiliu and Laiwu Chinese black, Duroc) | UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS | 757 lipids, black pork had more TG and less LPC, 55 potential markers | (Li et al., 2021a) |
| Pork (slaughter weight) | UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS | 592 lipids, 19 lipid classes, IMF and TG increased, PC and PE decreased with increasing slaughter weight | (Li et al., 2021b) |
| Black-boned silky fowl (different ages and genders) | UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS | 1,127 lipids, 8 categories, GL and GP, 47 potential markers | (Mi et al., 2018) |
| Donkey meat (different parts) | LC-MS | 1,143 lipids and 14 subclasses, 73 differential lipids | (Li et al., 2021c; Li et al., 2021d) |
| Beef (different origins) | LC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS | Forty potential markers: GL, FA, PIs, PEs, LPEs, LPCs, Cer and SMs | (Wang et al., 2021) |
| Sheep meat (cold chain storage) | UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS | Forty-eight changed lipids: 8 FAC, 23 PCs, 3 LPCs, 13 PEs, and 1 LPE | (Jia et al., 2021) |
| Egg | | | |
| Chicken egg | UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS | 1,633 lipid species, 43.78% GP, 25.66% GL, 16.66% FA, 6.86% SP, 4.10% ST, 1.53% PK, 1.10% PR, and 0.31% SL | (Mi et al., 2019b) |
| Egg yolks (duck, hen, and quail) | UPLC-Q-TOF MS | 57 molecular species of phospholipids | (Ali et al., 2017) |
| Chicken egg yolks | High-resolution MS | Glycerophosphocholines and glycerophosphoethanolamines | (Wood et al., 2021) |
| Chicken egg yolks | LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS | 618 lipid species, Tibetan and docosahexaenoic acid egg showed higher phospholipid and lower TG | (Xie et al., 2020) |
| Chicken egg (male and female ) | LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS | 900 lipid species, sex discrimination: acylcarnitine, TG (12:0/22:1/22:3), hemolytic serine (16:0/0:0), Cer (d18:0/18:0), cholesterol (16:1), and PC (18:3/20:4) | (Xiang, 2019) |
| Chicken egg (different diets and environments) | HILIC-LC-MS/MS or UPLC-Q-TOF MS | GL and GP | (Campos et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2020) |
| Milk | | | |
| Donkey and cow milk (different lactation stages) | UHPLC-Q-TOF MS | 335 lipids, 13 subclasses, including CL, PA, PC, PE, PG, PI, PS, Cer, SMs, HexCer, Hex2Cers, DG, and TG | (Li et al., 2020b; Li et al., 2020a) |
| Goat milk (different geographical origins and lactation stages) | UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS | 56 lipid species, 14 subclasses, including 5 CL, 45 Cer, 17 LPCs, 4 LPEs, 36 PCs, 80 PEs, 9 PGs, 22 PIs, 2 acyl carnitine species, 55 HexCer, 56 SMs, 17 FA, 15 DG, and 416 TG | (Liu et al., 2020) |
| Human, bovine, and caprine milk | UHPLC-Q-TOF MS | 13 lipid classes, including TG, DG, SM, PC, Cer, HexCer, Hex2Cer, PE, PG, PS, PI, PA, and CL | (Wang et al., 2020) |
| Donkey, human, and cow milk | UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS | 11 subclasses and 475 lipids, including 380 TG, 13 DG, 67 GP, 14 SP, and 1 wax exter | (Zhang et al., 2021a) |
| Bovine milk with vegetable oils or fats | Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Q-TOF MS | 20 TG classes with high speed and reliability | (Garcia et al., 2012) |
| Goat, soy, and bovine milk | UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS | Goat milk was rich in medium-chain TG, USFA, and n-6 and n-3 FA, soy milk was rich in PC, PE, PS, and PG, while bovine milk was rich in TG, DG, and Cer, fourteen lipids potential markers | (Li et al., 2017) |
| Cow milk (heat stress of cow) | UHPLC-Q-TOF MS | Heat stress increased long-chain fatty acids; moreover, reduced PE, PS, PC, LPC and glucoceramide, potential markers: LPC | (Liu et al., 2017) |